Execuție bugetară sau executarea economiei?
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Ar fi greșit ca pe baza acestui indicator să vorbim de o per-formanță a Cabinetului Ponta și a Ministerului Finanțelor Publice. De aceea, vă propun o scurtă radiografie a execuției bugetare.
În perioada de referință, veniturile totale au crescut cu 2,9%, ajungând la 100,383 miliarde lei (cu o pondere de 15,2% din PIB). Pe structură, veniturile fiscale au făcut un salt de 3,7%. Creșteri însemnate s-au înregistrat la: accize (+10,9%), impozitul pe profit (+12,7%), impozitele și taxele pe proprietate (+35%), alte impozite pe venit, profit și câștiguri din capital (+33,3%), alte impozite și taxe pe bunuri și servicii (+84,3%).
În schimb, sumele colectate din impozitul pe salarii și venit au crescut cu numai 0,6%. Taxa de utilizare a bunurilor a adus cu 55,6% mai puține venituri la buget, iar veniturile nefiscale s-au dimi-nuat cu 11,5%.
Sumele primite de la UE în contul plăților efectuate și prefinanțate au totalizat 2,711 miliarde lei, fiind cu 10,8% sub nivelul anului precedent.
Se poate afirma că sporul veniturilor totale la bugetul consolidat al statului s-a datorat în cea mai mare măsură creșterii fiscalității (a accizelor și impozitelor pe pro-prietate).
Să trecem acum la capitolul cheltuieli. Pe total, acestea au fost de 103,859 miliarde lei (reprezentând 15,7% din PIB). Față de aceeași perioadă din 2013, s-au redus cu doar 0,3%.
Se constată că au crescut cheltuielile cu bunurile și serviciile cu 5,7%, iar cele de personal, cu 3,4%. Pe de altă parte, s-au diminuat cheltuielile cu dobânzile (-1%) și subvențiile (-4,7%).
Deloc îmbucurător este faptul că, față de anul precedent, cheltuielile aferente programelor cu finanțare rambursabilă au fost mai mici cu 46,2% (respectiv 205,5 milioane lei), iar cele cu bunurile de capital (autostrăzi, șosele, căi ferate, poduri, școli și spitale), cu 32,8% (respectiv 2,344 miliarde lei).
La final, se poate trage concluzia că reducerea spectaculoasă a deficitului bugetar s-a obținut, prin creșterea fiscalității, dublată de sacrificarea investițiilor în infrastructură și dezvoltare. Din această perspectivă, execuția bugetară pe primul semestru al anului 2014 este o contra-performanță a Guvernului României și Ministerului Finanțelor Publice, cu consecințe majore asupra economiei și locurilor de muncă, în următorii ani.
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